March 27, 2024

Ironically, it is just the kind of juicy swindler story you might binge watch on those platforms: Horwitz, a 35-year-old actor who had bit roles in a handful of low-budget films over the past decade, pleaded guilty last fall to committing federal securities fraud and running an illegal operation known as a Ponzi scheme. For years, prosecutors say, Horwitz used his investors’ money to fund a lavish Hollywood lifestyle — until his scam unraveled.

In short, a Ponzi scheme is a type of financial fraud that uses money from new investors to pay off earlier ones.

The term comes from the 1920 swindler Charles Ponzi, but in recent years has become synonymous with the crimes of Bernie Madoff, the mastermind behind the largest financial fraud in history, who died in prison last year.

Although Ponzi schemes have a long history, they are far from a bygone threat, experts say. In fact, they remain a major risk to investors in an era of soaring stock markets and wild surges in newfangled assets like NFTs and cryptocurrency.

“Fraudsters really feed on times of uncertainty, financial distress, upheaval, times of change, and those are really the times that we’ve been living in the past few years,” says Kathy Bazoian Phelps, a lawyer who runs a blog about Ponzi schemes. “And of course there’s a lot of money out there people are looking to invest.

Horwitz’s case appears to check the major boxes for a Ponzi scheme: They’re typically perpetrated by (a) men who (b) promise steadily high returns…

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